-
1 subject to purification
English-russian dictionary of physics > subject to purification
-
2 (pronounced gold doh-rey) is a bar of semi-purified gold (e .g. bullion). After being mined, the first stage in the purification process of the gold ore produces a cast bar (gold dore) that is approximately 90% gold.
General subject: gold dorэУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > (pronounced gold doh-rey) is a bar of semi-purified gold (e .g. bullion). After being mined, the first stage in the purification process of the gold ore produces a cast bar (gold dore) that is approximately 90% gold.
-
3 is a bar of semi-purified gold . After being mined, the first stage in the purification process of the gold ore produces a cast bar that is approximately 90% gold.
General subject: (pronounced gold doh-rey)(e.g. bullion)(gold dore) gold dorэУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > is a bar of semi-purified gold . After being mined, the first stage in the purification process of the gold ore produces a cast bar that is approximately 90% gold.
-
4 подвергать очистке
-
5 самоочистка
1) General subject: self purification2) Engineering: self-cleaning3) Chemistry: self-wiping4) Economy: self-purification (воды от загрязняющих веществ)5) Forestry: natural purification (воды) -
6 брагоректификационное отделение
General subject: brew-purification department (в производстве спирта)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > брагоректификационное отделение
-
7 глубокое очищение организма
General subject: deep purification of bodyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > глубокое очищение организма
-
8 способность (рек или водоёмов) к самоочищению
General subject: self-purification capacityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > способность (рек или водоёмов) к самоочищению
-
9 установки водоочистки
General subject: water purification unitsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > установки водоочистки
-
10 Monro, Philip Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 27 May 1946 London, England[br]English biologist, inventor of a water-purification process by osmosis.[br]Monro's whole family background is engineering, an interest he did not share. Instead, he preferred biology, an enthusiasm aroused by reading the celebrated Science of Life by H.G. and G.P.Wells and Julian Huxley. Educated at a London comprehensive school, Monro found it necessary to attend evening classes while at school to take his advanced level science examinations. Lacking parental support, he could not pursue a degree course until he was 21 years old, and so he gained valuable practical experience as a research technician. He resumed his studies and took a zoology degree at Portsmouth Polytechnic. He then worked in a range of zoology and medical laboratories, culminating after twelve years as a Senior Experimental Officer at Southampton Medical School. In 1989 he relinquished his post to devote himself fall time to developing his inventions as Managing Director of Hampshire Advisory and Technical Services Ltd (HATS). Also in 1988 he obtained his PhD from Southampton University, in the field of embryology.Monro had meanwhile been demonstrating a talent for invention, mainly in microscopy. His most important invention, however, is of a water-purification system. The idea for it came from Michael Wilson of the Institute of Dental Surgery in London, who evolved a technique for osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions, of particular use in treating infants suffering from diarrhoea in third-world countries. Monro broadened the original concept to include dried food, intravenous solutions and even dried blood. The process uses simple equipment and no external power and works as follows: a dry sugar/salts mixture is sealed in one compartment of a double bag, the common wall of which is a semipermeable membrane. Impure water is placed in the empty compartment and the water transfers across the membrane by the osmotic force of the sugar/salts. As the pores in the membrane exclude all viruses, bacteria and their toxins, a sterile solution is produced.With the help of a research fellowship granted for humanitarian reasons at King Alfred College, Winchester, the invention was developed to functional prototype stage in 1993, with worldwide patent protection. Commercial production was expected to follow, if sufficient financial backing were forthcoming. The process is not intended to replace large installations, but will revolutionize the small-scale production of sterile water in scattered third-world communities and in disaster areas where normal services have been disrupted.HATS was awarded First Prize in the small business category and was overall prize winner in the Toshiba Year of Invention, received a NatWest/BP award for technology and a Prince of Wales Award for Innovation.[br]Bibliography1993, with M.Wilson and W.A.M.Cutting, "Osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions", Tropical Doctor 23:69–72.LRD -
11 Houston, Sir Alexander Cruickshank
SUBJECT AREA: Public utilities[br]b. 18 September 1865 Settle, Yorkshire, Englandd. 29 October 1933 London, England[br]English physician and bacteriologist, pioneer of the chlorination of water supplies.[br]Son of an Army surgeon-general, he graduated in Edinburgh in 1889. Specializing in public health and forensic matters, he worked from 1897 to 1905 for the Local Government Board on lead poisoning resulting from moorland water supplies. He also acted as Bacteriologist to the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal from 1890 to 1905. In 1905 he was appointed Director of Water Examinations to the Metropolitan Water Board, with whom he served until his death. Shortly before he joined the Board, he was involved in the investigation of an outbreak of typhoid at Lincoln and was instrumental in establishing a chlorination plant of a rudimentary nature there, and also in organizing the comprehensive chlorinating system which was then applied to London's water supply. He also advised on water supplies in Egypt and Canada.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1918. Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1919. FRS 1931. Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, Edinburgh 1892.Bibliography1914, Studies in Water Supply.1918, Rural Water Supplies and their Purification.1953, London's Water Supply, 1903–1953, London: Metropolitan Water Board.MGBiographical history of technology > Houston, Sir Alexander Cruickshank
-
12 Humfrey, William
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. c.1515d. 14 July 1579[br]English goldsmith and Assay Master of the Royal Mint who attempted to introduce brass production to England.[br]William Humfrey, goldsmith of the parish of St Vedast, was appointed Assay Master of the Royal Mint in 1561. At the Tower of London he assumed responsibility for the weight of silver and for production standards at a time of intense activity in recoining the debased coinage of the realm. Separation of copper from the debased silver involved liquation techniques which enabled purification of the recovered silver and copper. German co-operation in introducing these methods to England developed their interest in English copper mining, resulting in the formation of the Mines Royal Company. Shareholders in this government-led monopoly included Humfrey, whose assay of Keswick copper ore, mined with German expertise, was bitterly disputed. As a result of this dispute, Humfrey promoted the formation of a smaller monopoly, the Company of Mineral Battery Works, with plans to mine lead and especially the zinc carbonate ore, calamine, using it to introduce brassmaking and wire manufacture into England. Humfrey acquired technical assistance from further skilled German immigrants, relying particularly on Christopher Schutz of Annaberg in Saxony, who claimed experience in such matters. However, the brassmaking project set up at Tintern was abandoned by 1569 after failure to make a brass suitable for manufacturing purposes. The works changed its production to iron wire. Humfrey had meanwhile been under suspicion of embezzlement at the Tower in connection with his work there. He died intestate while involved in litigation regarding infringement of rights and privileges claimed from his introduction of new techniques in later lead-mining activities under the auspices of the Company of Mineral and Battery Works.[br]Further ReadingM.B.Donald, 1961, Elizabethan Monopolies, London: Oliver \& Boyd (the most detailed account).——1955, Elizabethan Copper, reprinted 1989, Michael Moon.JD -
13 Le Chatelier, Henri Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 8 November 1850 Paris, Franced. 17 September 1926 Miribel-les-Echelle, France[br]French inventor of the rhodium—platinum thermocouple and the first practical optical pyrometer, and pioneer of physical metallurgy.[br]The son of a distinguished engineer, Le Chatelier entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1869: after graduating in the Faculty of Mines, he was appointed Professor at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in 1877. After assisting Deville with the purification of bauxite in unsuccessful attempts to obtain aluminium in useful quantities, Le Chatelier's work covered a wide range of topics and he gave much attention to the driving forces of chemical reactions. Between 1879 and 1882 he studied the mechanisms of explosions in mines, and his doctorate in 1882 was concerned with the chemistry and properties of hydraulic cements. The dehydration of such materials was studied by thermal analysis and dilatometry. Accurate temperature measurement was crucial and his work on the stability of thermocouples, begun in 1886, soon established the superiority of rhodium-platinum alloys for high-temperature measurement. The most stable combination, pure platinum coupled with a 10 per cent rhodium platinum positive limb, became known as Le Chatelier couple and was in general use throughout the industrial world until c. 1922. For applications where thermocouples could not be used, Le Chatelier also developed the first practical optical pyrometer. From hydraulic cements he moved on to refractory and other ceramic materials which were also studied by thermal analysis and dilatometry. By 1888 he was systematically applying such techniques to metals and alloys. Le Chatelier, together with Osmond, Worth, Genet and Charpy, was a leading member of that group of French investigators who established the new science of physical metallurgy between 1888 and 1900. Le Chatelier was determining the recalescence points in steels in 1888 and was among the first to study intermetallic compounds in a systematic manner. To facilitate such work he introduced the inverted microscope, upon which metallographers still depend for the routine examination of polished and etched metallurgical specimens under incident light. The principle of mobile equilibrium, developed independently by Le Chatelier in 1885 and F.Braun in 1886, stated that if one parameter in an equilibrium situation changed, the equilibrium point of the system would move in a direction which tended to reduce the effect of this change. This provided a useful qualitative working tool for the experimentalists, and was soon used with great effect by Haber in his work on the synthesis of ammonia.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGrand Officier de la Légion d'honneur. Honorary Member of the Institute of Metals 1912. Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Medal.Further ReadingF.Le Chatelier, 1969, Henri Le Chatelier.C.K.Burgess and H.L.Le Chatelier, The Measurement of High Temperature.ASDBiographical history of technology > Le Chatelier, Henri Louis
-
14 Saniter, Ernest Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Middlesbrough, Englandd. 2 November 1934 Rotherham, Yorkshire[br]English chemist and metallurgist who introduced a treatment to remove sulphur from molten iron.[br]Saniter spent three years as a pupil in J.E.Stead's chemical laboratory in Middlesbrough, and then from 1883 was employed in the same town as Assistant Chemist at the new North-Eastern Steelworks. In 1890 he became Chief Chemist to the Wigan Coal and Iron Company in Lancashire. There he devised a desulphurizing treatment for molten iron and steel, based upon the presence of abundant lime together with calcium chloride. Between 1898 and 1904 he was in the Middlesbrough district once more, employed by Dorman Long \& Co. and Bell Brothers in experiments which led to the establishment of Teesside's first large-scale basic open-hearth steel plant. Calcium fluoride (fluorspar), mentioned in Saniter's 1892 patent, soon came to replace the calcium chloride; with this modification, his method retained wide applicability throughout the era of open-hearth steel. In 1904 Saniter became chief metallurgist to Steel, Peech \& Tozer Limited of Sheffield, and he remained in this post until 1928. Throughout the last forty years of his life he participated in the discussion of steelmaking developments and practices.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, Iron and Steel Institute 1927–34. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1910.Bibliography1892. "A new process for the purification of iron and steel from sulphur", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:216–22.1893. "A supplementary paper on a new process for desulphurising iron and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:73–7. 29 October 1892, British patent no. 8,612.15 October 1892, British patent no. 8,612A. 29 July 1893, British patent no. 17, 692.28 October 1893, British patent no. 23,534.Further ReadingK.C.Barraclough, 1990, Steelmaking: 1850–1900 458, London: Institute of Metals, 271– 8.JKA -
15 самоочищение
1) General subject: self clarification, self pruning, self purification, self-clarification (водоёмов), self-purification (водоёмов)2) Biology: self-purification (водоёма)3) Medicine: self-cleaning4) Botanical term: self-pruning (сбрасывание веток или плодов)5) Engineering: autopurification, natural cleansing (природной среды), natural purification (водотоков или водоёмов), self-clarification (водоёма или водотока), self-purification (водотока или водоёма)6) Agriculture: self-cleaning (напр. шины, отвала), self-pruning (стволов деревьев от веток), self-purification (водоёма или водотока)7) Construction: self-purification (водоёмов, атмосферы)8) Fishery: self-purification (воды)9) Makarov: autopurification (внешней среды), cleansing (природной среды), natural pruning (сбрасывание деревом ветвей), natural purification (внешней среды), self-clarification (внешней среды), self-purification (внешней среды) -
16 очистка
1) General subject: cleaning, clearance, clearing, dressing, freshening, hewing (забоя), purge, purification, refining, scrape, weeding, cleanup5) Military: mop-up (от противника)6) Engineering: affinage (благородных металлов), cleaning-out, cleanout (внутреннего пространства), cleansing (с помощью чистящего средства), depuration, drain-out (подины печи от металла предыдущей плавки), emptying (напр. памяти), fettling, fining, scour, scouring, stripping, treating, treatment, unset, wiping, repair (деталей (ковка))7) Agriculture: filtration8) Professional term: zeroing9) Chemistry: scraping, scrubbing, (дистиллята) polishing10) Construction: cleanup (рабочих мест по окончании смены), housekeeping (рабочего места, проходов, зоны монтажа и т. п. на строительной площадке), paring, plowing (напр. верха шпал от балласта), toilettage, trim, chipping11) Railway term: reclaiming, scaling (от ржавчины, накипи или старой краски), scoring out12) Automobile industry: cleansing, scavenging, trimming13) Mining: cleaning-up (вагонеток от налипания мелочи)14) Gastronomy: picking15) Forestry: cleaning (напр. лесосеки), clearing (лесосек, мест рубок), disposal (лесосек), reclamation16) Metallurgy: abrading (песком или дробью), decontamination (от загрязнений), defectation, distilling, drain-out (подины от металла предыдущей плавки), dressing-off, dressing-off (отливок), fettling (слитков), scrubbing action17) Polygraphy: clean-up (офсетной печатной формы от засаливания)18) Textile: scouring process (напр. шерсти, пряжи, ткани)19) Electronics: c cleaning operation, reset21) Oil: clean out, clean out( cleanout) (скважины; забоя от песка), clean up (скважины; трубопровода), clean-out (скважины), cleaning out (well) (скважины), cleaning up, cleaning up (скважины; трубопровода), cleanout, jetting (ствола скважины; вибросита), purging, purifying, epuration22) Sociology: detoxication23) Astronautics: cleansing action, steam cleaning24) Food industry: defecation, sanitation25) Perfume: clarifying26) Ecology: clean-up, defouling, gathering, rectification, refuse treatment, sewage treatment27) Patents: clearing (тж. от пошлин)28) Drilling: CO (cleaning out; забоя от песка), backwash (фильтра), epu ration, washing30) Oil&Gas technology sweetening31) Oilfield: refinement32) Microelectronics: desmearing33) Solar energy: distillation34) EBRD: clearance (таможенная)35) Polymers: sanding36) Automation: cleaning-up, refining (напр. поверхности)37) Plastics: abrading (поверхности пескоструйным аппаратом)38) leg.N.P. clearing the title39) General subject: clean40) Chemical weapons: purification, treatment41) Makarov: blanking, clean-up (забоя), cleaning (напр., лесосеки), cleanout (внутр. пространства), cleansing (напр. канализационных труб), cleansing (с помощью какого-л. моющего средства), cleansing (с помощью моющего средства), clearing (удаление чего-л. ненужного, постороннего), clearing (удаление чего-л. постороннего), decontamination (людей), decontamination (от примесей, загрязнений), dressing (напр. семян), offscouring, peeling (удаление верхней части, оболочки), pollution abatement, purification (воздуха, воды), riddance, sweep42) Wine growing: trimming (гроздей винограда)43) Gold mining: dredging45) Karachaganak: pigging (трубопровода)46) General subject: whitening -
17 очистные сооружения
1) General subject: waste treatment facilities (АД), purification works2) Construction: sewage dispersal plant, sewage disposal works, treatment facilities, treatment works3) Economy: pollution control facilities4) Ecology: cleansing structures, disposal works, purification plants5) Sakhalin energy glossary: Effluent Treatment (LNG/OET EFT and Aniva Bay Effluent Line Design Update), effluent facility6) Polymers: clarifying plant7) Sakhalin S: effluent treatment plant8) Chemical weapons: purification and treatment facilities, waste treatment facilities, waste water treatment plants9) Makarov: sewage treatment works, treatment plants10) oil&gas: disposal facilityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > очистные сооружения
-
18 тонкая очистка
1) General subject: precision cleaning2) Engineering: polishing3) Ecology: fine purification, good purification -
19 способность к самоочищению
1) General subject: diluting capabilities2) Engineering: self-cleaning ability, self-cleaning capacity3) Makarov: self-cleaning ability (напр. фильтра)4) General subject: (рек или водоёмов) self-purification capacityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > способность к самоочищению
-
20 тщательный
•The compound needs elaborate (or thorough) purification.
••Solid mixtures require more sophisticated investigation.
•The machines are subject to rigorous testing before dispatch.
•Careful maintenance is essential.
•Diligent spraying must defend the seedlings.
•Meticulous scientific and medical work...
•Thorough greasing of the bearings is important.
II•This assures perfect atomization of the oil and intimate mixing of the combustion air with...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > тщательный
См. также в других словарях:
purification rite — ▪ anthropology Introduction any of the ceremonial acts or customs employed in an attempt to reestablish lost purity or to create a higher degree of purity in relation to the sacred (the transcendental realm) or the social and cultural realm … Universalium
Purification Rundown — The Purification Rundown is a controversial detoxification program developed by Scientology s founder L. Ron Hubbard and used by the Church of Scientology as an introductory service. [cite web url=http://www.whatisscientology.org/html/Part02/Chp06… … Wikipedia
purification — pu·ri·fi·ca·tion (pyo͝or ə fĭ kāʹshən) n. The act or an instance of cleansing or purifying. * * * the use of ritual techniques to protect against what are held to be unclean, sinful, or otherwise undesirable situations. In a society with a… … Universalium
purification — Rites necessary for Hebrew men and women in the frequent events of their contracting a kind of ritual impurity, as in menstruation or by touching a corpse. It was the duty of a priest to remove the traces of impurity by means of a sacrifice at an … Dictionary of the Bible
Water purification — This article is about large scale, municipal water purification. For portable/emergency water purification, see portable water purification. For industrial water purification, see deionized water. For distilled water, see distilled water. Water… … Wikipedia
Ritual purification — is a feature of many religions. The aim of these rituals is to remove specifically defined uncleanliness prior to a particular type of activity, and especially prior to the worship of a deity. This ritual uncleanliness is not however identical… … Wikipedia
Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit — A Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU) is a portable, self contained water treatment plant. Designed for military use, it can provide potable water from nearly any water source. There are many model ROWPUs in use by the United States… … Wikipedia
Epistles of Manushchihr — The Epistles of Manushchihr are a response to comments made by the author s brother on the subject of purification in Zoroastrianism.When Zadsparam, High Priest of Sirjan (near Kerman in center of Iran) proposed certain new precepts, the… … Wikipedia
PURITY AND IMPURITY, RITUAL — (Heb. וְטָהֳרָה טֻמְאָה, tumah ve toharah), a symbolic system according to which a pure person or object is qualified for contact with the Temple and related sancta (holy objects and spaces) while an impure person or object is disqualified from… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
biblical literature — Introduction four bodies of written works: the Old Testament writings according to the Hebrew canon; intertestamental works, including the Old Testament Apocrypha; the New Testament writings; and the New Testament Apocrypha. The Old… … Universalium
NIDDAH — (Heb. נִדָּה menstruating woman ; literally, one who is excluded or expelled ). According to Jewish law, a man is forbidden to maintain sexual relations with his wife during and for some time both before and after (see below) her menses. Marital… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
